DBMS

 

What is Database

The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to retrieve, insert and delete the data efficiently. It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema, views, and reports, etc.

For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff, students and faculty etc.

Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information.

Database Management System

• Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database. For example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is used in different applications.
• DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation, storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.
• It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also maintains data consistency.

DBMS allows users the following tasks:

• Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of definition that defines the organization of data in the database.
• Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data in the database.
• Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database which can be used by applications for various purposes.
• User Administration: It is used for registering and monitoring users, maintain data integrity, enforcing data security, dealing with concurrency control, monitoring performance and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.

Characteristics of DBMS

• It uses a digital repository established on a server to store and manage the information.
• It can provide a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.
• DBMS contains automatic backup and recovery procedures.
• It contains ACID properties which maintain data in a healthy state in case of failure.
• It can reduce the complex relationship between data.
• It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.
• It is used to provide security of data.
• It can view the database from different viewpoints according to the requirements of the user.

Advantages of DBMS

• Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores all the data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the database.
• Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data among multiple users.
• Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature of the database system.
• Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
• Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic backup of data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if required.
• multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like graphical user interfaces, application program interfaces

Disadvantages of DBMS

• Cost of Hardware and Software: It requires a high speed of data processor and large memory size to run DBMS software.
• Size: It occupies a large space of disks and large memory to run them efficiently.
• Complexity: Database system creates additional complexity and requirements.
• Higher impact of failure: Failure is highly impacted the database because in most of the organization, all the data stored in a single database and if the database is damaged due to electric failure or database corruption then the data may be lost forever.

Difference Between File System and DBMS

File System	Database Management System
A file system is a software application that organizes and maintains files on a storage device. It manages the storage and retrieval of data.	A database management system, or DBMS, is a software application that allows you to access, create, and manage databases.
The file system is more related to an operating system and is shipped as a part of the operating system itself.	The database is a software application and is not shipped as a part of the operating system. It is more about organizing the data and implementing techniques to keep the data consistent and to have faster access to the data.
The data format and storage details are provided by the file system.	A database management system (DBMS) provides an abstract representation of data that conceals the specifics.
A file system does not allow for efficient data storage and retrieval.	The use of a database management system is efficient because there are numerous techniques for storing and retrieving data.
It does not provide data recovery services.	In DBMS, there is a backup recovery option for data.
There is no crash recovery mechanism in the file system.	A crash recovery method is provided by DBMS.
It’s difficult to keep a file system safe.	A good protection method is provided by DBMS.
Data redundancy is higher in a file management system.	Redundancy is minimized to a great extent in a database management system.
The file system has a higher level of data inconsistency. Same data might be stored at multiple places yet have different values leading to data inconsistency.	A database management system has a low level of data inconsistency.
You can store data as discrete data files and entities using the File System.	Data, as well as defined restrictions and interrelationships, are stored in a database management system.
Support for complex transactions is not available.	Complex transactions are simple to implement.
In a File Management System, the centralization process is difficult.	In a database management system, centralization is simple to achieve.
In the file system, there is no efficient query processing.	In a database management system, data can be retrieved based on the requirements and can be easily filtered from the database.
Concurrency is not available in this system.	A concurrency facility is provided by a database management system.
It is less expensive than a database management system.	It is costlier than that a file system.
Data consistency is less reliable in the file system.	The process of normalization results in more data consistency.
It is difficult to implement integrity constraints in file systems.	Integrity constraints can be easily implemented in DBMS.
The system is less complex than a database management system. Complex transactions are not supported by file systems.	As compared to file systems, DBMS is more complex to handle. Complex transactions can be implemented easily in DBMS.
Data independence is not possible in file systems.	DBMS provides data independence.
File systems allow only one user to access data at a time.	Data can be accessed simultaneously by multiple users in a DBMS.
A file system provides less security than a database management system.	DBMSs are more secure than file systems since they have a wider range of security mechanisms.
The data is spread across many files, so sharing it is difficult.	Since data is centralized, it is easy to share.
Data storage and representation details are provided.	By hiding the internal details of the database, it makes it more secure.
Examples – NTFS (New Technology File System), FAT (File Allocation Table), EXT (Extended File System), etc.	Examples – My SQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, etc.